ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
An adverbial clauses is a dependent clause introduced by an adverbial subordinator. It is used to modify the verb of the independent clause and tells when (time), where (place), why (reason), for what purpose, how, how long, or how far. It is also used to show contrast: concession (unexpected result) and direct opposition.
Adverbial clauses are composed of
Subordinator + subject + verb + complement
Below are the types of adverbial clause conjunction with it:
1. Clause of Time
(when, before, after, since, while, as, as long as, until,til)
• While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
• By the time I arrive, Ryan will have left.
• You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
2. Clause of Place
(where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere)
• They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
• Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
(although, though, while)
• Jellyta wanted to stop, while I wanted to go on.
• Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
4. Clause of Manner
(as, like, the way)
• He did as I told him.
• They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.
5. Clause of Purpose and Result
(so..that)
• She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
6. Clause of Cause and Effect
(because, since, as)
• Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
• Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
(when, before, after, since, while, as, as long as, until,til)
• While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
• By the time I arrive, Ryan will have left.
• You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
2. Clause of Place
(where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere)
• They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
• Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
(although, though, while)
• Jellyta wanted to stop, while I wanted to go on.
• Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
4. Clause of Manner
(as, like, the way)
• He did as I told him.
• They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.
5. Clause of Purpose and Result
(so..that)
• She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
6. Clause of Cause and Effect
(because, since, as)
• Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
• Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
7. Clause of Condition
(if, even if, unless)
If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
• She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
8. purpose clauses
(in order to, so that, in order that)
• They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
• She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
(if, even if, unless)
If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
• She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
8. purpose clauses
(in order to, so that, in order that)
• They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
• She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
EXAMPLE OF QUESTION:
- Everyone should know what to do an earthquake strikes.
Answer :
everyone should know what to do when an earthquake strikes.
Answer :
everyone should know what to do when an earthquake strikes.
- If you are inside move away from windows and get under a desk or table or stand in a doorway you feel the floor begin to shake.
Answer :
when you feel the floor begin to shake if you are inside move away from windows and get under a glass or table or stand in a doorway.
Answer :
when you feel the floor begin to shake if you are inside move away from windows and get under a glass or table or stand in a doorway.
- People prefer to shop. Credit cards are acceted
Answer :
Answer :
People prefer to shop where credit cards are accepted.
- The American people should try to conserve energy. As often as they can
Answer :
the American people should try to conserve energy as often as they can
Answer :
the American people should try to conserve energy as often as they can
- Don’t move. The floor stops shaking.
Answer :
don’t move until the floor steps shaking
Answer :
don’t move until the floor steps shaking
Direct and indirect speech
(kalimat langsung dan tak langsung)
Direct speech (direct line) are the words (sentences) which was spoken directly from the talks.
Sentences (direct speech) can be told back the other way without changing the meaning and not to repeat the conversation, but tell what was said by the speaker. Such sentences are called indirect speech (indirect line).
Sentences (direct speech) can be told back the other way without changing the meaning and not to repeat the conversation, but tell what was said by the speaker. Such sentences are called indirect speech (indirect line).
1. Indirect speech statement (pertanyaan)
Perhatikan ketentuan – ketentuan perubahan berikut ini :
1. Pernyataan langsung (direct speech) yang diubah menjadi pernyaataan tak langsung (indirect speech) tidak akan mengalami perubahan tense jika induk kalimatnya memakai bentuk :
- Present tense
- Present prefect tense
- Future tense
2. Indirect imperative/requst(perintah/permintaan)
Beberapa ketentuan untuk mengungkapkan suatu perintah / permohonan dalam kalimat tak langsung
Example DIRECT :
- ali says, ‘I am student.’
- ina has said.’I havw taken a bath.’
- she will tell me,’I am ready to come with you.’
- Ratna said to annis ,’ what are you doing ?’
- Amir said,” I am ill. “
Example INDIRECT :
- ali says that he is a student
- ina has said she has taken a bath
- she will tell me that she is ready to come with me.
- Ratna asked annis what she was doing
Amir said that he was ill Perubahan Tenses:
Direct Speech | Indirect Speech | |
1 | Present Tenses | Past Tense |
2 | Present Cont. Tense | Past Cont. Tense |
3 | Present Perfect | Past Perfect Tense |
4 | Past Tense | Past Perfect Tense |
5 | Past Cont. Tense | Past Perfect Cont. Tense |
6 | Future Tense | Past Future Tense |
Perubahan Kata Keterangan/Adverbs change :
today now this these here tomorrow yesterday tonight | that day them that those there the following day / the next day the day before /the previous day that night |
EXAMPLE OF QUESTION :
a. She asks me, “Are you a new student?”
She asks me if /whether I am a new student.
b. He ask her.” Have you phoned your mother today?”
He asks her if / whether she had phoned her mother that day
c. She asked me “Could you show me the photos?”
She asked me if / weather I could show her the photos.
d. She asked me “where do you live?”
She asked me where I live.
e. He asked her, “why did you phone your mother yesterday?”
He asked her why she had phoned her mother the day before.
f. She asked me” what should I do now?”
She asked me what she should do then.
Notes: Indirect Speech bentuk question, selalu dengan rumus:
Auxiliary : if / whether + subject + verb
Question Word : Kata tanya + subject + verb
