Noun Clause
Noun clause is a clause that is used as a substitute function as a noun or noun (a noun). Noun Clause Besides this, there are actually more like an adverb clauses Adjective Clause and Clause. To explore this explanation of the Noun Clause, please note the following explanation:
Noun clause is a clause (ie subject and verb) is used as a noun. Noun clause in the sentence is generally used as subject and object of the sentence.
Noun clauses can be initiated by:
Noun clauses can be initiated by:
· Question word or relative pronoun question whether a single word or phrase:
· Single question word (ie when, how, what, ect.).
· Question word + determiner / noun / adjective / adverb.
· Question word + infinitive.
- Conjunction (i.e. whether and if).
- That or the fact that.
So that the pattern of the noun clause is:
Question word / conjunction / that + subject + verb + ...
Question word / conjunction / that + subject + verb + ...
A. Noun Clauses beginning with the words Question
In How to Address Questions were discussed about the use of the word good in making the information asked questions as well as in making the embedded questions. Embedded questions are noun clause. In this section provided additional examples to refresh your memory.
In How to Address Questions were discussed about the use of the word good in making the information asked questions as well as in making the embedded questions. Embedded questions are noun clause. In this section provided additional examples to refresh your memory.
1. Single question words.
Example:
Example:
· Where she is now is still unknown.
· They arrive when is still uncertain.
· I know what you did last summer and I still know what you did last summer are two Hollywood movies starred by Jennifer Love Hewitt. Note: in this sentence, noun clause what you did last summer became the object of I know and I still know, and when combined with: two Hollywood movies are starred by Jennifer Love Hewitt, a compound subject of the sentence.
Noun clauses can be placed at the beginning of a sentence (as subject) or as an object. If you want to change the position of the subject noun clause object sentences into sentences, it is usually necessary pronoun or a slightly modified words. The above example becomes:
· It is still unknown where she is now.
· Do you know when They arrive?
· Two Hollywood movies starred by Jennifer Love Hewitt are I know what you did last summer and I still know what you did last summer. Because the title of movies, noun clause what you did last summer did not need to be rotated position.
Noun clauses can be placed at the beginning of a sentence (as subject) or as an object. If you want to change the position of the subject noun clause object sentences into sentences, it is usually necessary pronoun or a slightly modified words. The above example becomes:
· It is still unknown where she is now.
· Do you know when They arrive?
· Two Hollywood movies starred by Jennifer Love Hewitt are I know what you did last summer and I still know what you did last summer. Because the title of movies, noun clause what you did last summer did not need to be rotated position.
2. Question words ever + / soever
Except how, at the end of question words can ever or soever be added Whenever = whensoever, whatever = whatsoever, and so on. Meaning here ever or soever the same, that it / was, living combined with a question word in front of him. Meanwhile, how + ever be however (ie adverb or also called transition words that mean yet / even if the case) are not included in this category.
Example:
Except how, at the end of question words can ever or soever be added Whenever = whensoever, whatever = whatsoever, and so on. Meaning here ever or soever the same, that it / was, living combined with a question word in front of him. Meanwhile, how + ever be however (ie adverb or also called transition words that mean yet / even if the case) are not included in this category.
Example:
· We will accept whatever you want us to do. (We will accept / do whatever you want us to do).
· Whoever can melt her feeling is a very lucky guy. (melt = melt). Be careful: guy (pronounced gae) = men, while gay (read gei) = fag = homosexual.
· She has Agreed to Wherever the man would bring her. (He has agreed to take him wherever he goes). Note: in speaking (informal), preposition (in this case to, etc.) Is usually placed at the end of the sentence. She has Agreed Wherever the man would bring her to.
3. Question words + nouns
Question words + nouns that are used among other things: what time (time), what day (any day), what time (time), what kind (kind), what type (what type), Whose + nouns (ie Whose car, Whose book, ect.), and so on.
Example:
Question words + nouns that are used among other things: what time (time), what day (any day), what time (time), what kind (kind), what type (what type), Whose + nouns (ie Whose car, Whose book, ect.), and so on.
Example:
· I can not remember what day we will take the exam.
· As long as I am faithful, she does not care what type of family I come from. (= loyal faithful).
· Do you know what time it is?
· I do not know Whose car is parked in front of my house.
4. Question words + adjectives
Question + words frequently used adjectives such as: how long (how long / long), how far (how far), how old (how old / aged), ect.
Example:
Question + words frequently used adjectives such as: how long (how long / long), how far (how far), how old (how old / aged), ect.
Example:
· Man! She still looks young. Do you know how old she actually is?
· I am lost. Could you tell me how far it is from here to the post office?
· What a jerk. He did not even ask how long I had been waiting for him.
5. Question words + determiners.
Question determiners + words frequently used are: how many (how many) and how much (how much). Remember: how many plural nouns followed by, while how much was followed by uncountable nouns.
Example:
Question determiners + words frequently used are: how many (how many) and how much (how much). Remember: how many plural nouns followed by, while how much was followed by uncountable nouns.
Example:
· Is there any Correlation Between how good he or she is in English and how many books he or she has?
· How much will your English skills improv is determined by how hard you practice.
6. Question words + adverbs.
Question words + adverbs are often used is: how Often (how often), how many times (how many times) ect.
Example :
Question words + adverbs are often used is: how Often (how often), how many times (how many times) ect.
Example :
· No matter how Often I practice, my English still sucks. (No matter how many times I practice, my English is bad). Suck (informal verb) = bad / not good; meaning another suck: sucking.
· I do not want my parents to know how many times I have left school early. (leave school early = absent).
7. Question words + infinitives.
If the question was immediately followed by infinitives words, it implies invinitives should or can / could. Note that the subject after the question words omitted.
If the question was immediately followed by infinitives words, it implies invinitives should or can / could. Note that the subject after the question words omitted.
Example:
· She did not know what to do = She did not know what she should do. (He did not know what he should do).
· Please tell me how to get the train station from here = Please tell me how I can get the train station from here.
· We have not Decided when to go to the beach = We have not Decided when we should go to the beach.
· Marry of toll us where to find her = Mary of toll us where we Could find her.
B. Noun clauses beginning with whether / if
Whether could be followed by the OR / NOT can not; meaning of the sentence is usually the same, although OR / NOT is not mentioned (this depends on the context of the sentence).
Whether could be followed by the OR / NOT can not; meaning of the sentence is usually the same, although OR / NOT is not mentioned (this depends on the context of the sentence).
Note: whether the same pronunciation with the weather (weather), his writing is also similar. Be careful, do not be confused
Example:
· I am not sure whether she is coming or not = I am not sure whether or not she is coming = I am not sure whether she is coming. (I'm not sure if he will come or not).
· We can not Decide whether we should go out or stay home. = We can not Decide whether to go or (to) stay home. Note, infinitives can also be used after the whether.
· I am not sure whether I should take economics or law after I graduate from high school. (I'm not sure if I should ngambil Economic Law after graduating from high school or later).
· If you take economics, I will take economics. On the other hand, if you take law, I will take law too.
C. Noun clauses beginning with that / the fact That
That means that here, while the fact That means the fact that. Meanwhile, that means that the adjective clauses.
Example:
That means that here, while the fact That means the fact that. Meanwhile, that means that the adjective clauses.
Example:
· That she has had a PhD degree at the age of 20 surprises a lot of people = It surprises a lot of People that she has had a PhD degree at the age of 20.
· It is the fact That the world is round = the fact That the world is round is well known.
· It was obvious she was very sick That = The fact she was very sick That was obvious.
· It seems a That it is going to rain soon.
Noun Clause Exercise
Find out the noun clauses in the following sentences and state what purpose they serve.
1. The king ordered that the traitor should be put to death.
2. He said that he would not go.
3. That he is not interested in the offer is known to us.
4. He said that he was not feeling well.
5. I cannot rely on what he says.
6. I don’t know where he has gone.
7. He asked whether the servant had polished his shoes.
8. The news that he is alive has been confirmed.
9. The belief that the soul is immortal is almost universal.
10. It is certain that we will have to admit defeat.
11. It was fortunate that he was present.
12. The report that only ten persons were killed in the riots is not true.
Answers Key :
1. Here the noun clause ‘that the traitor should be put to death’ is that object of the verb ordered.
2. Here the noun clause ‘that he would not go’ is the object of the verb said.
3. Here the noun clause ‘that he is not interested in the offer’ is the subject of the verb is.
4. Here the noun clause ‘that he was not feeling well’ is the object of the verb said.
5. Here the noun clause ‘what he says’ is the object of the preposition on.
6. Here the noun clause ‘where he has gone’ is the object of the verb know.
7. Here the noun clause ‘whether the servant had polished his shoes’ is the object of the verb asked.
8. Here the noun clause ‘that he is alive’ is in apposition to the noun news.
9. Here the noun clause ‘that the soul is immortal’ is in apposition to the noun belief.
10. Here the noun clause ‘that we will have to admit defeat’ is in apposition to the pronoun it.
11. Here the noun clause ‘that he was present’ is in apposition to the pronoun it.
12. Here the noun clause ‘that only ten persons were killed in the riots’ is in apposition to the noun report.
SUMBER :
Conjunctions and Uses
Conjunction or a connector or the conjunction is a word used to connect / combine the word with another word, phrase with another phrase, or clause to another clause. There are three types of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions, and subordinating conjunctions.
1). Coordinating conjunctions
Conjuctions is used to combine the word with another word, phrase by phrase combines the other, or sentences with other sentences. Linked by the conjunction of this type should be a similar sentence elements, for example: subject + subject, verb phrase + verb phrase, sentence + sentence.
There are seven coordinating conjunctions are: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. To make it easier to remember trying to use this acronym: Fanboys; F to for, A for and, N for Nor, and so on.
Example:
1. The boy keeps the lights on, for he is afraid of sleeping in the dark. (The child left the light on because he was afraid to sleep in the dark).
2. He has one good dictionary and at least 3 good English books. (He's got a good dictionary and at least three good books in English).
3. She is a vegetarian. She will not eat beef, nor will she eat chicken. (He's a vegetarian. He will not eat beef, he also will not eat chicken).
4. She is cute but evil. (She was beautiful but evil).
5. Do you want to go with me or to stay home? (Do you want to join me or stay home).
6. I did not study, yet I passed the exam. (I did not learn, but I graduated).
7. My dad was very tired, so he went to bed earlier. (Daddy I am very tired, so he went to bed early).
Note:
• Use a comma before the conjunction if the conjunction combines two sentences. Commas are also used if the conjunctions combine more than two words or a phrase. Example: We studied math, physics, and chemistry last semester.
• For also serves as a preposition. As preposisiton, followed by a noun for. Example: I am waiting for a cab. (i.e. taxi cab =)
• Yet it also serves as an adverb. Example: I have not finished reading this article yet. See the discussion of the use of the adverb yet present perfect tense.
• So = as if followed by the adjective / adverb. See the discussion of its use in comparisons.
• Use a comma before the conjunction if the conjunction combines two sentences. Commas are also used if the conjunctions combine more than two words or a phrase. Example: We studied math, physics, and chemistry last semester.
• For also serves as a preposition. As preposisiton, followed by a noun for. Example: I am waiting for a cab. (i.e. taxi cab =)
• Yet it also serves as an adverb. Example: I have not finished reading this article yet. See the discussion of the use of the adverb yet present perfect tense.
• So = as if followed by the adjective / adverb. See the discussion of its use in comparisons.
2). Paired conjunctions / Correlative conjunctions
Conjunctions also incorporates the element-element sentence as above. The difference is always used in pairs.
| both…and | either…or |
| not only…but also | neither…nor |
Example:
1. Both my sister and my brother can play the guitar. My sister and my brother can both play the guitar).
2. He is not only handsome but also smart. (He is not only gorgeous but also smart). Note: if not only placed at the beginning of a sentence, do the inversion of the auxiliary / be / do, does, did the next subject of the sentence. So this phrase can also be written: Not only is he handsome but also smart.
3. Either the students or the teacher is going to go to the museum tomorrow. (Both students and teachers will go to the museum tomorrow).
4. Neither John, Sussie nor I have a good studying habits. (Both John, Sussie and I do not have good study habits). Perhaps, learning only if there is a test.
Note: With the exception of both ... and, if corrective conjunctions combine singular and plural subjects, verb form (whether singular or plural) is determined by the subject closest to (which is immediately followed by) the verb is.
3). Subordinating conjunctions
Subordinating conjuctions are words that can be used to form adverbial clause (which is generally a clause / subordinate clause) of the principal sentence (main clause). The number of conjunctions of this type are very numerous and in general are adverbs. The conjunction of this type can be grouped into 5, which states that the conjunction of time (time), causal (cause and effect), opposite meanings (Opposition), goals (purpose), and conditional (conditional).
A. Used to denote the time
| Time | ||
| after (setelah) | till (hingga/sampai) | the first time (pertama kali) |
| before (sebelum) | as soon as (segera setelah) | the second time (kedua kali) |
| when (ketika) | once (segera setelah) | the last time (terakhir kali) |
| while (sementara) | as long as (sepanjang) | the next time (kali berikut) |
| as (sementara) | so long as (sepanjang) | by the time |
| since (sejak) | whenever (setiap kali) | |
| until (hingga/sampai) | every time (setiap kali) | |
Example:
1. We will play football after we finish doing the homework. (We will play ball after we finished doing homework).
2. Before They got married last month, They had been seeing each other for almost ten years. (Before they were married last month, they have been dating for almost 10 years).
3. When I got home last night, someone was Trying to break into my house. (When I got home last night, someone is trying to break into my house). Note: Break into = go is usually as mean-spirited, ie like stealing, ect.)
4. A friend of mine felt asleep on his desk while the teacher was teaching. (My friend fell asleep at his desk while the teacher explained).
5. She has turned into a different person since she Became a famous artist. (He had become a different person since he became a famous artist).
6. I will keep studying hard until the final exam is over next week. (I will continue to study hard until the final exam next week).
7. We will leave as soon as the rain stops. (We'll leave / depart immediately after the rain stops).
8. As long as I live, I will never see your fucking ugly face again. (As long as I live, I would never want to see your face (very bad) again). Subject 'I' is very, very angry ya.
9. Whenever I look at her picture, my heart beats fast. (Every time I view a picture, my heart skipped a beat).
10. The first time we went to Bali, we went to Tanah Lot. (The first time we went to Bali, we went to Tanah Lot).
11. The next time I play you, I will kick your ass. (The next time I play (against) you, I'll beat you. Note: kick your ass kick your butt = beat =. Very informal.
B. Used to express causal (cause-effect).
| Causal | ||
| because (karena) | inasmuch as (karena) | so…that (sehingga) |
| since (karena) | now that (karena sekarang) | such …that (sehingga) |
| as (karena) | ||
Example:
1. Because he got an accident he drove while he was drunk. (He had an accident because he was driving while intoxicated).
2. That I passed the course easily since the questions were very easy. (I passed the course with ease as a matter-because very easy).
3. Now that the half is finished, I am going to rest for a few days and then take a trip to Bali. (Because now the semester is over, I will be resting for a few days later a trip to Bali).
4. As she had nothing to do, she asked me to come over to her house. (Because he's not done, he asked me to go to his house).
5. Inasmuch as the two countries' leaders did not reach an agreement, the possibility of war Between the two countries Remains open. (Because the two heads of state do not reach an agreement, the possibility of war between the two countries is still high).
6. The coffee is so hot that i can not drink it. (The coffee was so hot, therefore, I can not drink it).
7. He has a nice body Such That a lot of girls are attracted to him. (He's got such a nice body, therefore, many girls are attracted to her).
C. To express the opposite meaning (Opposition).
| Contrary meaning | ||
| although (walaupun | even though (walaupun) | while (sedangkan) |
| though (walaupun) | whereas (sedangkan) | no matter (tidak memandang) |
Example:
1. Although he is not tall, he is a very good volleyball player. (Although he is not tall, she's a volleyball player who was great).
2. Jenny is rich, whereas Joni is poor. (Jenny Joni richer while the poor).
3. No matter how hard I tried, the math problems could not be solved. (No matter how hard I try, math problems that can not be resolved / completed).
D. To state the purpose.
| Purpose | ||
| in order to (agar) | in order (that) (agar) | so that (agar) |
Example:
1. During the class, we need to be quiet in order to be Able to listen to what the teacher says.
2. I turned off the TV so my Roommate That Could study well.
3. I turned off the TV in order (that) my study Roommate Could well.
4. They keep practicing Their English in order (that) Their English steadily improves. (They continue to practice English so that English continues to rise).
Note:
a) in order to be followed by verbs, whereas in order (that) and so That was followed by a clause (ie S + V).
b). That so the meaning here is different from so That to express cause and effect. Note also the difference in the pattern.
E. To state the assumption (conditional).
| Conditional | ||
| if (jika) | whether or not | in case (that) (jika) |
| unless (jika tidak) | even if (walaupun jika) | providing (that) = if or only if |
| only if (hanya jika) | in the event (that) | provided (that) = if or only if |
Example:
1. If my parents were not home, I would invite my friends to come over. (if my parents are not home, I will invite my friends to come to the house).
2. I will go unless it Rains. (I would go if it does not rain). Note: unless = if ... not. So, kalimataya can be rewritten as: I will go if it does not rain.
3. I do not care no more whether or not you want to study = I do not care no more whether you want to study or not. (I do not care anymore if you want to learn or not).
4. I have Decided to marry her. Even if my parents disagree, I am going to marry her. (I've decided to marry her. Even if my parents do not agree, I would (still) married her).
5. I'll be in the library in case you want to find me. Note: in case = if
6. The general election will go to the second round only if no candidate gets 50% + 1 votes during the first round. (Elections will go into the second round only if no candidate has 50% of votes + 1 when the first round. Note: If only if placed at the beginning of a sentence, then the inversion of the auxiliary do / be / do, does, did) the next subject play clause. This sentence can be rewritten as: Only if no candidate gets 50% + 1 votes will go to the general election the second round.
SUMBER :
Conjunctions Exercise
1. I need an office to myself ______ I can get some work done.
a. So
b. So That
c. Although
d. When
e. Since
2. Write it down ______ you don't forget.
a. So
b. So That
c. Although
d. When
e. Since
3. I need to get to work early ______ I can finish the report before the meeting.
a. So
b. So That
c. Although
d. When
e. Since
4. I'll tell her ______ I see her.
a. So
b. So That
c. Although
d. When
e. Since
5. ______ you left, the atmosphere in the office has not been as nice.
a. So
b. So That
c. Although
d. When
e. Since
6. ______ he was the best qualified candidate, he didn't get the job.
a. So
b. So That
c. Although
d. When
e. Since
7. He is learning English ______ he can get a better and more interesting job.
a. So
b. So That
c. Although
d. When
e. Since
8. ______ you think of all the people who could have got the job, it seems ridiculous that he was chosen.
a. So
b. So That
c. Although
d. When
e. Since
9. I'm going to buy a new Beetle, ______ I do think they are over-priced.
a. So
b. So That
c. Although
d. When
e. Since
10. ______ you're next in Chicago, give me a call.
a. So
b. So That
c. Although
d. When
e. Since
11. ______ you already know Mary, you should go to meet her at the airport.
a. So
b. So That
c. Although
d. When
e. Since
12. I hate living in London ______ I'm moving to the country.
a. So
b. So That
c. Although
d. When
e. Since
Answer Key :
1. B
2. B
3. B
4. D
5. E
6. C
7. B
8. D
9. C
10. D
11. C
12. A
